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What is EBV and why does it matter when selecting a breeding bull?

Answer: EBV (Estimated Breeding Value) quantifies a bull's genetic potential to improve specific traits (milk yield, fat %, protein %) in offspring. A bull with high milk yield EBV is scientifically expected to produce daughters with higher yields – it's the most reliable selection tool available.

What is the difference between NDDB semen and unregistered semen?

Answer: NDDB (National Dairy Development Board) semen comes from certified, pedigreed bulls with documented EBV data, post-thaw motility testing, and disease-free certification. Unregistered semen lacks these guarantees, increasing the risk of inferior genetics and disease transmission.

What conception rates should I expect from AI services?

Answer: In good management conditions with a skilled technician, cattle AI conception rates range from 55–70% per service; buffalo AI yields 40–55%. Synchronisation protocols and accurate heat detection significantly improve first-service conception rates.

Is AI cheaper than maintaining a stud bull?

Answer: For most farms, yes. A stud bull costs ₹80,000–3 lakh to purchase plus ₹40,000–80,000/year in maintenance. AI cost per conception is ₹500–2,500 (semen + service), making it 3–5x more economical for herds under 30 animals.

What is the Rashtriya Gokul Mission and how does it support breeding?

Answer: The Rashtriya Gokul Mission is a central government programme (₹2,400 crore outlay) focused on indigenous breed conservation and genetic improvement. It subsidises AI services, semen stations, and Gokul Grams (breed excellence centres) for Gir, Sahiwal, Tharparkar, and other indigenous breeds.